GEOFF BENNETT: Good evening.

I'm Geoff Bennett.

AMNA NAWAZ: And I'm Amna Nawaz.

On the "News Hour" tonight: Israel urges Palestinians to leave Gaza City as it ramps up airstrikes and ground operations.

GEOFF BENNETT: An ICE raid at a Hyundai plant in Georgia illustrates the Trump administration's increasing focus on businesses that employ immigrants.

AMNA NAWAZ: And we report from the coast of Maine on seabirds that are struggling to survive in a rapidly warming climate and how scientists are working to help them.

STEVE KRESS, Audubon Seabird Institute: Take away the people, and we lose these species.

We are the cause of the problem.

We need to be the cause of the solution.

(BREAK) AMNA NAWAZ: Welcome to the "News Hour."

Tonight, there is war and violence from Gaza to the West Bank, after a terrorist attack killed six Israelis and wounded more than 20 at a bus stop in Jerusalem.

Israel has now raided the West Bank town where it says the gunmen came from.

GEOFF BENNETT: At the same time, Israel's military is assaulting Gaza City, destroying high-rise buildings, as the U.S. gives Hamas an ultimatum: Take a new cease-fire deal that's on the table or Israel will proceed with its plans to take over Gaza's largest city.

Nick Schifrin has our story.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Today, in the Holy City, terror.

During the morning rush hour at a busy bus stop, Jerusalem commuters ran from the sound of bullets.

Two gunmen that Israel identified as Palestinians from the West Bank shot into a busy bus after the driver refused to let them board.

OHEVYA SHARABI, Medic (through translator): We saw people lying on the ground, people bleeding, people in panic running in every direction.

It was a very, very difficult event.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Hamas prays the attack.

Israel says more than 20 were wounded, six killed, including a rabbi, laid to rest as loved ones mourned.

Israeli troops quickly shut down the West Bank area outside Jerusalem where it said the attackers lived and raided one of their homes.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited the attacked bus and vowed to pursue what he called West Bank terrorist nests and at the same time take over Gaza City.

BENJAMIN NETANYAHU, Israeli Prime Minister (through translator): I'm taking this opportunity to say to the residents of Gaza, listen to me carefully.

You have been warned.

Get out of there.

NICK SCHIFRIN: There's not much warning in Gaza these days, about nine seconds between an initial airstrike on a high-rise that Israel claims is being used by Hamas and a second airstrike designed to demolish.

Israel says it has now destroyed 50 high-rises, including two today.

The damage on the ground is devastating and widespread.

This is Gaza's largest city.

And among the ruins, there is shock.

This family had been sheltering in a tent next to the tower that is now rubble.

Ali Al-Qassas says he everyone else here had less than a 10-minute warning.

ALI AL-QASSAS, Displaced Gazan (through translator): Here are our women.

Look, where are they going to go?

Where will they go?

Here are their tents.

These children, what fault do they have in this?

NICK SCHIFRIN: It is a new phase in this war, destroying Gaza City's most visible buildings, terrifying even for a population for whom airstrikes have become all too common and deadly.

Health authorities say today's Israeli airstrikes killed more than 50 Palestinians, the youngest only 2 years old.

And Israel's threats to take over Gaza City have sparked a daily dilemma for everyone sheltering here: Do we stay or do we go again?

Some refuse, despite the Israeli leaflets that look like birds, but carry ominous warnings, which neighborhood to evacuate.

Others feel there is no choice, even if they're at a loss for where to go.

SHIREEN AL-LADA, Displaced Gazan (through translator): Every time we move to a place, we get displaced.

Every time we go to an area, they attack.

Every time we go somewhere, they ask us to leave.

There's no safe place in Gaza.

I am compelled to repeat this experience.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Israel and the U.S. say this moment is not a repeat, but what President Trump called this weekend a last warning, a new cease-fire offer for Hamas to release all Israeli hostages, including living and dead, and then negotiate an end of the war during a 60-day cease-fire.

Israel's in support.

The Hamas official tonight called it a -- quote -- "shameful surrender," suggesting the war will go on and Israel will proceed with its threat to take over Gaza City.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Nick Schifrin.

AMNA NAWAZ: In the day's other headlines: House Democrats released a letter today that Donald Trump allegedly sent to Jeffrey Epstein for a 2003 birthday book for the later convicted sex offender.

The Epstein estate provided the letter to lawmakers, which they posted online.

It depicts a woman's body with the name "Donald" signed at the bottom.

Deputy White House Chief of Staff Taylor Budowich responded online that that is not the president's signature.

Trump himself has previously denied writing any such letter and filed a $10 billion lawsuit against The Wall Street Journal for defamation, saying the letter is fake.

The posting of the letter today comes amid a bipartisan push in Congress for the release of further files on Epstein, who killed himself in prison in 2019 while awaiting trial.

The president has not been accused of any misconduct.

The Trump administration is asking the Supreme Court to keep nearly $5 billion in foreign aid frozen.

Today's emergency application comes after President Trump last month used a rare maneuver called a pocket rescission to essentially bypass Congress in holding up the funds.

Last week, U.S. District Judge Ali Amir found that action was likely illegal and ordered the administration's to spend the money.

In today's filing, Solicitor General D. John Sauer said that ruling -- quote -- "raises a grave and urgent threat to the separation of powers."

A federal appeals court upheld a ruling today that ordered President Trump to pay $83 million to writer E. Jean Carroll for defaming her.

The three-judge panel in New York was unanimous in rejecting Trump's argument that he deserved presidential immunity from Carroll's lawsuit.

The case stems from Trump's repeated social media attacks against Carroll after she accused him of sexual assault in a Bergdorf Goodman dressing room back in 1996.

The president has also been found liable for sexually abusing Carroll in a separate trial that was also upheld on appeal late last year.

The prime minister of France lost a confidence vote today, toppling his minority government and deepening a political crisis for a major U.S. ally.

Lawmakers overwhelmingly ousted Francois Bayrou after just nine months in office.

The centrist had faced backlash for his plans to tackle the nation's ballooning national debt.

In Paris, residents say they are worried about the future.

CATHERINE, Paris Resident (through translator): When you listened to the party leaders talk about it, it was predictable, now his resignation.

Who to replace him?

Everything is going to hell in France.

AMNA NAWAZ: Bayrou is expected to hand in his resignation to President Emmanuel Macron tomorrow.

The French leader has vowed to name a replacement in the coming days.

Macron will be seeking a fourth prime minister in just a year as he seeks to find stability and support in a fractured political landscape.

In Ukraine today, officials called Russia's massive aerial attack this weekend a -- quote -- "clear signal that Russia does not want peace."

Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko says Russia is mocking diplomatic efforts.

This comes as Ukraine released images of around 60 foreign diplomats visiting damaged offices in Kyiv.

This was the first time Ukraine's main government building was hit in the war.

The attack was the largest since Russia's full-scale invasion more than three years ago.

At least four people were killed.

Meanwhile, in Washington today, European and U.S. officials met to discuss possible new sanctions on Russia.

If approved, they'd be the first coordinated measures against Russia since Trump returned to office.

In Nepal, police opened fire on protesters today, killing at least 17 people.

Tens of thousands were demonstrating against a government ban on social media platforms like Facebook and YouTube that took effect last week.

The unrest escalated quickly, with protesters hurling rocks and police using water cannons on the crowds.

Officials say some 145 people were wounded, including 28 police officers.

Protesters say the ban violates their rights.

SAMUNDRA POKHAREL, Protester: It is against our freedom of speech, and they want to control us just like a dictator.

AMNA NAWAZ: Authorities say the ban was enforced after social media companies failed to register and submit to increased government oversight.

Critics say such actions could be used to crack down on press freedoms and punish government opponents.

Back in this country, the family of media mogul Rupert Murdoch has settled a long-running dispute over control of his empire.

Murdoch's son Lachlan will take over assets, including FOX News, The Wall Street Journal, and others, for years to come.

Under the terms of the deal, as first reported by The New York Times, Lachlan's three eldest siblings will each get $1.1 billion.

The deal puts to rest years of legal wrangling over the financial and political future of the media company, which has long espoused conservative viewpoints.

The board of News Corp put out a statement saying it - - quote -- "welcomes these developers."

On Wall Street today, stocks inched higher to start the week.

The Dow Jones industrial average added more than 100 points.

The Nasdaq also rose nearly 100 points on the day.

The S&P 500 closed just below its all-time high.

And Rick Davies has died.

As a founding member of the British rock group Supertramp, he was the voice and piano player behind some of the band's most iconic songs.

(MUSIC) AMNA NAWAZ: In hits like "Goodbye Stranger," Davies mixed a wispy falsetto with a snarling baritone all powered by his signature Wurlitzer piano.

Alongside co-founder and vocalist Roger Hodgson, Davies helped anchor many other hits, like "Take the Long Way Home" and "Give a Little Bit."

Rick Davies died this weekend in New York after a long battle with multiple myeloma, a form of blood cancer.

He was 81 years old.

Still to come on the "News Hour": the Supreme Court rules sweeping immigration raids can continue in Los Angeles; Florida pushes ahead on its plan to end some vaccine mandates for schools; and Tamara Keith and Amy Walter break down the latest political headlines.

GEOFF BENNETT: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled today that sweeping immigration raids in California can continue, lifting a lower court ruling that barred arrests without suspicion by Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

It follows a raid on Friday at a car manufacturing plant in Georgia that led to nearly 500 arrests.

AMNA NAWAZ: That raid by ICE at a Hyundai facility in Georgia marked the largest single site raid this country has ever seen.

Let's start there with Jasmine Garsd of NPR.

Great to see you.

Thanks for being here.

JASMINE GARSD, NPR: Thank you for having me.

AMNA NAWAZ: So let's start with that Georgia raid.

What do we know about who was taken into custody in that raid and what their legal status is?

JASMINE GARSD: Absolutely.

So we know it is close to 500 workers, most of them South Korean.

DHS officials have said that it's a mixed bag when it comes to their status.

Some people crossed the border illegally, other people overstayed visas.

Other people had visas that didn't allow them to work legally in the U.S. And we know that there have been discussions with the South Korean government for about 300 of the workers to be chartered back.

AMNA NAWAZ: We did ask DHS about the raid.

They said in a statement to us that they're looking into allegations of what they said are unlawful employment practices.

They also said, in part: "The operation underscores our commitment to protecting jobs for Georgians, ensuring a level playing field for businesses that comply with the law, safeguarding the integrity of our economy, and protecting workers from exploitation."

So, Jasmine, say a little bit more about what laws specifically they're saying were broken here.

JASMINE GARSD: Absolutely.

I mean, they're saying that this is about working without legal papers, without authorization to work.

And what I think is really interesting is, this is where President Donald Trump -- there's these two competing movements for him, right?

On the one hand, he is trying very hard to get foreign investment into the U.S.

He has been working on this relationship with South Korea.

And on the other hand, he has this agenda of mass deportation.

And this is kind of where the two are colliding.

AMNA NAWAZ: But it's worth pointing out raids like this, large-scale workplace raids, are not as common under the Trump administration.

It's not a big part of the agenda.

Does this mean we're going to see more of these or is this an outlier?

JASMINE GARSD: I mean, it's very interesting to me that this happened in Georgia, in a red state.

There was, the same day that this happened, another raid in Upstate New York at a food plant where some 40 workers were also arrested.

That got overshadowed by what happened in Georgia.

You're right.

We haven't seen it.

The Trump administration has said that they want to go after employers who employ undocumented or unauthorized labor, but this is really the first time we see that under the Trump administration.

We will have to see if it's a pattern.

AMNA NAWAZ: I want to ask you too about some of the reporting you have been doing on the ground in Florida about the so-called Alligator Alcatraz ICE detention center there.

We know a judge had ordered that it be shut down because environmental groups were suing.

That was then overturned, so they're still allowed to operate.

What did you find in your reporting about what's going on inside that facility?

JASMINE GARSD: Absolutely horrific conditions.

I spoke to lawyers.

I spoke to family members of people who were detained in there.

I even physically went to the outsides.

You can't go in, but the outsides of Alligator Alcatraz.

And just being out there, I was at a protest where almost immediately one protester passed out from the heat.

I was out for 15 minutes and I was just drenched in sweat.

And I'm telling you that because I have been talking to lawyers and family members who are talking about electricity going in and out, and so not enough air conditioning, a lack of water, water having to be brought in, widespread vermin, infectious disease.

Lawyers throughout this process have talked to me about infectious diseases like skin diseases and respiratory diseases that really breed in that kind of environment.

AMNA NAWAZ: We know that stays open for now, but that court process continues to unfold.

Meanwhile, there's news today from the Supreme Court I have to ask you about, which was the lifting of restrictions on ICE agents carrying out raids in Los Angeles.

What kind of impact is that going to have?

JASMINE GARSD: I mean, listen, what we're seeing is these quotas, right?

It's been said that the government is aiming for 3,000 daily arrests, a million deportations in the first year.

And the numbers we're seeing in detention right now, it consistently hovers around 70 percent of immigrants in immigration detention right now have no criminal conviction.

And so the question is, how are these people being selected?

How are they being picked up?

And there are so many accusations that it's racial profiling.

I think we're going to have to keep seeing what happens here on the ground, but, again, 70 percent of people in detention, in immigration detention, do not have a criminal conviction.

AMNA NAWAZ: That's a striking number.

I know you will continue to report on this.

Jasmine Garsd of NPR, thank you so much.

JASMINE GARSD: Thanks for having me.

GEOFF BENNETT: Now, for a legal perspective on those new developments regarding President Trump's immigration agenda, we turn to William Banks, professor emeritus of law at Syracuse University.

Thank you for being with us.

And, as we have reported, the Supreme Court today lifted restrictions on immigration stops in the Los Angeles area, at least while this case plays out in the appeals court.

Lower court rulings found evidence that the raids swept up people simply for looking Latino or for speaking Spanish, raising Fourth Amendment concerns.

How should we understand the court's ruling in light of that?

WILLIAM BANKS, Professor Emeritus, Syracuse University College of Law: The most important thing to understand about what the Supreme Court has done today is that it's only temporary.

They paused the lower courts while a hearing on the merit can be held.

So whether the ICE immigration stops are based on a proven or unproven assertion of focusing on ethnicity or race has to be determined finally after there's been evidence submitted on a record.

So all the Supreme Court did today is that they're allowing the government to go forward with their immigration enforcement methods as they propose them at least while the litigation is pending.

This case is by far, far from any means over.

There'll be arguments on the merits about the Fourth Amendment, about the due process clause and perhaps even about the First Amendment.

GEOFF BENNETT: Well, on that point, how do immigration stops based on race, language or appearance square with the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure?

WILLIAM BANKS: Justice Kavanaugh is the only justice to write a concurring opinion from among those in the majority today.

It was 6-3.

And Justice Kavanaugh said that his view was that the potential for ethnicity or race to be a factor in the immigration enforcement was one factor among many.

And if it's one factor among many that the government used to detain or stop or question an individual, that's not sufficient cause to enjoin or stop that aspect of the practice.

It's one among many.

So, often in policing, members of the law enforcement may utilize various individual characteristics like race or ethnicity or gender or anything, lifestyle, physical appearance, to question briefly someone on the street, so long as it doesn't effectuate an arrest, that person's liberty has not been taken, and the inconvenience of a temporary stop or a temporary detention, said Justice Kavanaugh anyway, should not stand in the way of the government going about its mission.

GEOFF BENNETT: Meantime, the Trump administration said today it started an immigration crackdown in Chicago.

The governor of Illinois, J.B. Pritzker, the mayor of Chicago, Brandon Johnson, are pushing back.

Does the president have the authority to send in federal agents over the objections of state and local leaders in this case?

WILLIAM BANKS: The president has the authority to send in civilians into the state of Illinois or city of Chicago, those that are working for ICE or some other civilian agency in the U.S. government, but he doesn't likely have the authority to deploy the National Guard there.

The reason for that is a fundamental one in our system, that National Guard forces are in their default posture subject to command of the state governor, not the president of the United States.

The president can only utilize the National Guard for a federal operation if the state governor agrees -- and, in this case, as you point out, he has not -- or if the president thinks that circumstances are truly extraordinary, he can invoke something called the Insurrection Act to federalize the incident altogether.

That would be a very extreme step, one that hasn't been taken in the United States since 1992 and that's been taken only a few times in our collective history.

GEOFF BENNETT: And Chicago, as you well know, has declared itself a sanctuary city.

How much power do local officials actually have to resist or limit federal law enforcement?

WILLIAM BANKS: Local officials, state officials have considerable leverage in this regard.

There's a concept that is taught in constitutional law in law schools everywhere that holds that the federal government may not commandeer state resources into service of a federal program.

In other words, President Trump or any president is free to send federal resources to do a federal job, to fulfill a federal mission inside a state, but they can't compel the state to provide assistance, to provide personnel, to provide whatever other resources the federal government might need.

GEOFF BENNETT: William Banks, professor emeritus of law at Syracuse University, thanks again for your time this evening, sir.

WILLIAM BANKS: Thank you.

It was good to be with you.

GEOFF BENNETT: Now a look at a five-decade-long project to protect puffins.

Atlantic puffins still face a precarious foothold.

That's due in part to a loss of habitat and to troubles tied to warming ocean waters and climate change.

But one longstanding effort off the coast of Maine continues to provide a crucial nesting habitat for these seabirds and a place for them to thrive.

Science correspondent Miles O'Brien traveled to the only colony of Atlantic puffins in the U.S., part of our Tipping Point series on climate change.

MILES O'BRIEN: It was billed as a three-hour tour, really.

OK, so Gilligan, Skipper, Professor?

No, you're professor, Professor.

(LAUGHTER) MILES O'BRIEN: That's Don Lyons, head of the Audubon Seabird Institute.

Fortunately, on this day, the weather didn't start getting rough.

The tiny ship wasn't tossed.

STEVE KRESS, Audubon Seabird Institute: It isn't always like this.

MILES O'BRIEN: Yes, I imagine.

I think we lucked out, right?

MILES O'BRIEN: We were joined by Steve Kress, a living legend in the world of seabirds.

His claim to fame?

The destination off our bow, Eastern Egg Rock, six miles southeast of New Harbor, Maine.

It's the summer nesting perch for a thriving, curated colony of Atlantic puffins in all their colorful, charismatic, quirky glory.

It's a barren speck of good news for some bird species that are struggling to survive in a fast, warming ocean.

Getting to this place is a lot easier for the birds than for us.

OK, so what's the strategy?

DON LYONS, Audubon Seabird Institute: OK, so you will sit on the tube.

MILES O'BRIEN: The fact that all of us were here is thanks to then-23-year-old Steve Kress' vision back in the 1970s.

He had read that puffins thrived here, but then vanished in the late 19th century, unmercifully hunted to extirpation, locally extinct.

STEVE KRESS: People caused them to leave.

Maybe people can help bring them back.

That was the notion.

I had no idea that that notion was going to be my life's work.

MILES O'BRIEN: It had never been done before, and the experts ranged from skeptical to hostile.

Unburdened by conventional wisdom, he and his young idealistic team wrote their puffin playbook on the fly.

In 1973, they began transferring chicks from Newfoundland's abundant colonies into these sod burrows, cozy homes for the month it took them to fledge.

STEVE KRESS: And during that month our hope was that they were learning that Egg Rock was their home, and they would come back here someday rather than going back to Newfoundland, where they were collected.

MILES O'BRIEN: To further entice them, they deployed decoys, mirrors, and amplified recordings of puffins.

It still took four years for the first adult puffin to return and another four years before nesting pairs began breeding here.

Fifty years later, hundreds of puffins take a summer break from life at sea to mate and rear their chicks on Eastern Egg.

No longer any need for Canadian imports.

I sat in a blind with Steve and Don, a front-row seat to a spectacular performance as puffin parents arrived with beaks full of fish for their hungry chicks.

But each delivery came with risk.

With every landing, they had to dodge their nemeses, the ever watchful laughing gulls, eager to snatch their catch before it reached the nest.

STEVE KRESS: It just passed that rock with all the puffins on it.

DON LYONS: Very likely has a chicken and burrow right here in front of us somewhere.

MILES O'BRIEN: It seemed like a picture-perfect moment.

But Don and Steve said it was actually epic.

DON LYONS: This is unbelievable.

MILES O'BRIEN: I did not expect this.

I didn't expect it.

STEVE KRESS: This is really an unusual day.

Look at them all.

I have never seen so many puffins on this island.

MILES O'BRIEN: Wow.

Better to be lucky than good, but diligence is the mother of good luck.

And the birds most assuredly would not be here without the annual arrival of the puffin police headquartered at the Egg Rock Hilton, zero stars on Tripadvisor.

Each year, young aspiring ornithologists and ecologists come here loaded for gull, hoping to ensure the puffins get the last laugh.

This year, they were led by Alison Ballard.

ALISON BALLARD, Audubon Seabird Institute: The initial idea was that one day, puffins would be able to live on this island without the need of human interaction.

However, over time, that has been shown to not necessarily be the case.

MILES O'BRIEN: Common terns offer another layer of defense.

Uncommonly aggressive to any intruder, including us, they are the bodyguards of the puffin colony.

STEVE KRESS: I was hoping that the terns alone would be enough to protect the puffins.

Now we know that the terns alone aren't enough to protect the puffins.

The terns and the puffins need our help.

Take away the people, and we lose these species.

We are the cause of the problem.

We need to be the cause of the solution.

MILES O'BRIEN: The solutions Kress and the Audubon team have pioneered have drawn international attention.

STEVE KRESS: Somehow, this idea left Maine and it has been used around the world now.

It has legs of its own, because it's a good idea.

MILES O'BRIEN: Demand for the tools of the trade has prompted them to build a robust decoy production facility.

They export 48 different painted plastic species worldwide and have inspired 800 seabird restoration projects globally.

SUSAN SCHUBEL, Audubon Seabird Institute: So this is a northern gannet.

Last winter, we made 420 of these to send to Canada.

MILES O'BRIEN: It's run by Susan Schubel, the outreach educator, although she prefers seabird celebrant.

SUSAN SCHUBEL: We're providing a way to help communicate where are the good places.

Where have we done the work to reduce the predators?

We can't necessarily control where the fish are in the ocean, but we will do our best to keep the oceans clean and healthy.

MILES O'BRIEN: But that, of course, is a hope against hope.

Humans are relentlessly ruining the oceans, and seabird populations are heading off a cliff.

DON LYONS: The estimates are maybe a 70 percent decline over the last 50, 60, 70 years.

MILES O'BRIEN: Seventy percent?

DON LYONS: Seventy percent, 7-0.

That decline is really telling us the ocean is changing in ways that seabirds can't adapt to, at least not very quickly.

MILES O'BRIEN: Warming ocean waters fueled by the climate crisis mean fish are on the move, migrating to their temperature sweet spot.

Gemma Clucas of Cornell University is trying to understand how this is changing the diet of seabirds by analyzing their poop.

GEMMA CLUCAS, Cornell Lab of Ornithology: We can go out and collect poops relatively quickly from a colony of nesting seabirds, bring them back to the lab, and then what I do is I sequence the DNA in those fecal samples in order to see which fish or invertebrates the birds have been feeding on.

Working MILES O'BRIEN: with the Shoals Marine Lab and the University of New Hampshire, she visit's a common tern colony near Portsmouth wearing a plastic-coated wide brim hat.

The aggressive birds eagerly pelt her with specimens, taking a turn as research assistants.

In the lab, she is seeing genetic evidence of fewer cold water species, like Atlantic herring, and more butterfish, who like it warmer, but are not easy for puffin and tern chicks to swallow.

It means parents must fly longer and farther to feed their young.

GEMMA CLUCAS: We are seeing an impact of these changes on the breeding success of the birds.

MILES O'BRIEN: So we always talk about the canary and the coal mine.

Is it more the puffin on the rock?

(LAUGHTER) GEMMA CLUCAS: Yes, I think that's a good analogy.

MILES O'BRIEN: The menu for a seabird chick is more than a meal.

It's a diagnostic test for the ocean's health.

And right now the prognosis is grim.

But here in the Gulf of Maine, conservationists are listening to the warning signs and pushing back against the downward trend.

Puffins still have a foothold here, not by chance, but by design.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Miles O'Brien on Eastern Egg Rock, Maine.

AMNA NAWAZ: Health officials in Florida released more details about how they're moving to end many school vaccination mandates.

Public health experts are worried about the impact on children in the state and whether other states may follow.

William Brangham has that story.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Amna, yesterday's announcement came days after Florida's surgeon general, Dr. Joseph Ladapo, said the state would be the first to ban all vaccine requirements.

This new policy for schoolchildren won't take effect for about 90 days, and it would end the requirement that kids are inoculated against diseases like hepatitis B, chicken pox, influenza, and meningitis.

The state legislature could take it further and consider removing requirements for measles and polio as well.

In announcing the change last week, Dr. Ladapo spoke out against vaccine mandates, saying it was a matter of personal freedom.

DR. JOSEPH LADAPO, Florida Surgeon General: Every last one of them is wrong and drips with disdain and slavery, OK?

Who am I as a government or anyone else or who am I as a man standing here now to tell you what you should put in your body?

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Doctors in Florida are warning this change could put children and their communities at risk.

One of those is Dr. Mona Amin.

She's a pediatrician in Florida and host of "PedsDoc" podcast.

For the record, we invited Dr. Ladapo on the show, but he declined our request.

Dr. Amin, thank you so much for being here.

When you first heard the surgeon general's comments specifically linking vaccine mandates to slavery, what was your reaction?

DR. MONA AMIN, Host, "PedsDocTalk": Oh, thank you for having me.

The reaction was swift and feeling disheartening, demoralizing and frustrating.

One, the comparison with vaccine mandates and slavery is not founded.

Obviously, vaccine mandates are there for a reason, to protect people, when -- we can go into a whole other tangent on slavery -- was not the same situation.

And as a pediatrician who spends so much time educating the public and my community about the importance of vaccine programs and vaccination, it was very disheartening to hear someone on a large public platform say that this is something that is not going to happen in our state at a time when we see measles outbreaks, at a time when we are seeing the rise of pertussis cases around the world.

And so, as a mother myself, I felt concerned not only for my patients, but for other mothers who want to protect their children and are now hearing this reality may become true in 90 days or more.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: What are the public health implications here?

Because, as I'm sure you have heard, there are many people who do believe that the mandates are onerous.

They may not themselves be anti-vaccine, but they think that the government telling you, you have to have it in order to go to school or go to work is too much.

So what will be, in your view, the impact of this?

DR. MONA AMIN: So we have to understand that, in public health, public health is looking out for exactly that, the public's health.

So a lot of the policy here is looking out for the greater good.

So an example here is that we can say, well, I'm going to drive and drink at the same time, right?

So I'm going to get behind the wheel.

It's my body, my choice, my car.

Yet doing so is going to put other people on that road at risk.

So there has to be guardrails here.

Same thing for vaccine mandates.

If we are going to be going into a public school system or even a private school system where children are in enclosed spaces, where respiratory viruses and bacteria can spread, the things that we prevent with vaccine-preventable illnesses, we are putting each other at risk.

So, the risk here is that we are going to bring home these illnesses to the unvaccinated children.

And also remember that even children who are fully vaccinated, vaccines are not 100 percent.

So that small risk that they can get the virus or bacteria and, more importantly, that they can bring it home to newborns, immunocompromised family members, grandpa and grandma, who may have weaker immune systems.

So we are going to see a trickle effect that not only impacts the children who are in the school system, but the teachers and the communities.

That is why public health measures are in place, that we could start to see more viruses, more bacteria and more hospitalizations and more of a public health crisis here.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: States do allow medical exemptions.

Parents can sign these forms to say, I don't want my child vaccinated for these reasons.

Other states offer religious exemptions.

You do believe, though, that eliminating these mandates will lead to more outbreaks for sure?

DR. MONA AMIN: There is a high likelihood.

Of course, we cannot predict the future, but I would like to use the measles outbreak as an example.

So in order for there to be immunity in a community, there has to be 95 percent of the community has to be vaccinated or immune to measles.

Now in Florida, the vaccination rate for kindergartners right now is under 90 percent, around 89 percent.

So, now if we remove these mandates, that could mean less people getting vaccinated.

Right now, in the state of Florida for a child to enter a school system, they have to get vaccinated.

I see those children come into my office and means a higher vaccine rate.

But now, if we remove those mandates, those vaccine rates could reduce, which means a virus like measles can have a more likelihood of spread.

So we are going to see this.

The degree to which is hard to know, depending on the vaccine status in a community, but it is a high-risk situation that we want to avoid as much as possible.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: What do you do in your own practice?

When a mother or a father with their children come to your office and say, I have heard these suspicions being cast about vaccines, how do you counsel them?

DR. MONA AMIN: I think it's important to lead with curiosity.

So I ask them where they got that information and what they feel about that information.

And I guide with facts, what we see clinically and what we see by the evidence.

And hopefully, with that, they can come around and understand the importance of vaccination, I, as a pediatrician, vaccinate my own two children on schedule, and why I do that, and so that we can hopefully make this idea that the Florida surgeon general has not a reality by advocating for the importance of vaccination and calling our legislators, so that they know the importance as well.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: All right, Dr. Mona Amin, Florida pediatrician, thank you so much for being here.

DR. MONA AMIN: Thank you for having me.

AMNA NAWAZ: President Trump makes promises to religious voters, denies writing a letter to Jeffrey Epstein, and has some members of his team wearing many different hats.

It's time for Politics Monday with Amy Walter of The Cook Political Report With Amy Walter and Tamara Keith of NPR.

Great to see you both.

TAMARA KEITH, National Public Radio: Good to be here.

AMNA NAWAZ: So, as you both saw, President Trump was at the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C., earlier today.

He announced upcoming action from the Department of Education to protect prayer in public schools.

Tam, he was also talking about other actions his administration has taken investigating what he calls anti-Christian bias, pardoning anti-abortion rights activists.

Why this message and why right now?

TAMARA KEITH: He created this Religious Liberty Commission through executive action earlier this year, and this is a regularly scheduled meeting.

They have more meetings coming up of this commission, which includes a wide range of mostly Christian people, pastors, as well as administration officials.

And this is part of keeping the promises he made when he was campaigning.

Evangelical Christians, white evangelicals are very important to his base.

They are very important to how he got elected.

He said he wants more prayer in school.

He made a lot of promises when he was campaigning.

And, I mean, we have seen this with any number of issues that he campaigned on.

He is checking the boxes.

He is going down the list.

He is going through and trying to deliver on promises he made to key constituencies, which now the midterms are a little bit more than a year away, and you want to keep those constituencies happy when there might be frustration with other things going on.

AMNA NAWAZ: Amy, he's not a regular churchgoer, right?

But, as Tam points out, this is a core part of his base.

Is this just about making good on those promises?

Is he shoring up weakening support?

AMY WALTER: Yes, I do think that that's exactly right.

It is checking a lot of the boxes and saying to folks who voted for him, see, I told you I was going to do these things and I'm delivering on it.

What's interesting, though, as we go into the midterms, we know that getting your base behind you, really important, but you can't win without at least some independent voters.

And there was a poll out this weekend from CBS News, and they asked a question this way, which is, do you agree or like the goals of Donald Trump or dislike what his goals are?

And 90-some percent of Republicans said, love, love it.

In other words, he's checked all the boxes.

He's doing exactly what we wanted it to do.

Obviously, Democrats overwhelmingly said, no, we don't like the goals, but only about 40 percent of independents agreed with the goals.

And this gets to the central challenge as we go into this upcoming election, which is, when I talk to Republicans who believe that, yes, the president was elected in part on improving the economy, but also on a lot of these cultural and social issues.

And delivering on those cultural and social issues will be really important for Republicans to talk about as we go into the next election.

However, it is also clear that concerns about the economy are a major drag.

And it's also true that, even on some of the issues where he has put the most emphasis, immigration, for example, or even on crime, he's not getting the return on that from independent voters.

AMNA NAWAZ: There has been an issue that splintered his base somewhat.

That is the pressure to release more of the Jeffrey Epstein files, which his White House has not yet done.

We saw just today House Democrats released this letter that President Trump has repeatedly denied even writing to Jeffrey Epstein.

Does that kind of thing, the letter, his denials, does that matter to supporters?

AMY WALTER: What's interesting is, I think the issue matters.

I don't think his presence as a part of it, i.e., whether he knew Jeffrey Epstein, whether he wrote that letter or not, is as important.

I think the animating force of this issue is this idea of -- and many of his supporters feel this way - - that there is overall just an elite class of people who do bad things that are corrupt and get away with it, and that this was going to be an opportunity for Donald Trump to rip off that shield around them.

And so even if you listen to somebody like Marjorie Taylor Greene, who has come out and said she wants to see this report, she has said repeatedly, I don't think Donald Trump has anything to do with any of this.

This isn't about Donald Trump.

So while Democrats may see that letter and say, ah, it implicates him.

What somebody like Marjorie Taylor Greene or many supporters will say is, I'm not concerned about Donald Trump and what he did.

I don't think he had anything to do with it.

But I know there are a lot of famous people and influential people who need to be exposed.

AMNA NAWAZ: Well, Tam, let's talk a little bit more about who the president has around him.

You have been doing some great reporting, finding that there are more people taking on more roles.

Tell us about that.

TAMARA KEITH: Yes, there are at least a dozen administration officials wearing more than one hat.

And what I mean, by that is they have two full-time jobs.

These are not small jobs.

These are at least two big jobs.

And there are three administration officials who have three jobs.

That includes Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who is also the national security adviser and the archivist of the U.S.

He just gave up his fourth job, which he had had for several months, which was being the head of the U.S. Agency for International Development.

He handed that off to Russell Vought, who is the budget director, but also the head of CFPB.

In that particular case, it's very clear that Russell Vought is sort of the Grim Reaper of the administration's when it comes to agencies that the president and his party want to get rid of.

And the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and USAID are both on the chopping block.

AMNA NAWAZ: What does it say to you that there seem to be now fewer people around the president because more of them are taking more jobs?

TAMARA KEITH: And these people are loyal to President Trump in a way that his administration didn't always have loyalists in the first term.

In the first term, he had to lean on a lot of former Bush administration officials.

This time, these are loyalists.

These are people that he trusts.

And what one person told me is that Trump is used to running a family business where, if somebody is good and you trust them, you just give them more projects.

And so this is President Trump running the U.S. government, which is a very different beast, as sort of like he ran his family business.

AMNA NAWAZ: Well, let me ask, Amy, about one specific member of the team.

That is Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

He took some tough questions on Capitol Hill from Democrats, yes, but also from several Republicans, notably the doctors in the Senate.

AMY WALTER: Yes.

AMNA NAWAZ: It's clear there's some frustration, though, here growing among the president's own party about Kennedy's policies.

But this line some of them are trying to walk.

We saw them really hold up the president, the work that he did on Operation Warp Speed to get to a COVID vaccine, and still criticize Kennedy.

AMY WALTER: Right.

AMNA NAWAZ: How difficult is that line?

AMY WALTER: Well, the president himself is sort of walking that line.

When he was asked about the Florida decision on no vaccine mandates, he was like, I don't know if that's such a great idea.

He has said, even in response to some of the things that the health secretary said, not all vaccines are bad, right?

So he too is trying to have a very clear line there.

It's also notable that a poll was leaked from the president's own pollster, Tony Fabrizio, where the poll memo, we don't have -- it really is just a poll memo.

So it feels like one of those things that was meant to be leaked that went out to senators, especially Republican senators, saying a majority of Trump voters believe in vaccines.

And so, while they said don't mistake a lot of the frustration that many Republicans have about the COVID vaccine for a blanket disbelief in vaccines.

Vaccines are still popular.

So that is how the line is now being walked.

AMNA NAWAZ: Tam, given all that, what does that mean for Republicans trying to create this wedge here between Kennedy and the president?

TAMARA KEITH: So, yes, here's the thing.

These Republicans had an opportunity to make Kennedy not be the health and human services secretary.

That is the advise-and-consent role of the Senate.

And several of these senators had reservations, and they were reassured that Kennedy wouldn't do some of the very things that he is doing now.

But he's in.

And so the only way to get Kennedy out essentially is to get the president to fire him.

So far, I don't think President Trump is anywhere close to that, in part because the MAHA, the Make America Healthy Again movement, was a big part of his base.

It's part of how he won.

And making America healthy again is another one of these promises that he wants to say he's keeping.

AMNA NAWAZ: We will see that key report coming out very soon as well.

Tamara Keith and Amy Walter, always great to see you.

Thank you.

AMY WALTER: You're welcome.

TAMARA KEITH: You're welcome.

GEOFF BENNETT: Three years after becoming the youngest number one player in history, Spain's Carlos Alcaraz has reclaimed the top spot, winning the U.S. Open in four sets over Italy's Jannik Sinner center and capturing his sixth Grand Slam title.

On the women's side, Belarus' Aryna Sabalenka defeated American Amanda Anisimova, becoming the first woman since Serena Williams to win back-to-back singles titles at the U.S. Open.

It's the second U.S. Open championship for both Alcaraz and Sabalenka.

For more on these historic victories, we're joined now by Patrick McEnroe, former singles and doubles champion and a longtime commentator on all things tennis.

It's great to see you.

So, Carlos Alcaraz did not lose a single set in the tournament until Sunday.

What impressed you most about his run and his performance yesterday?

PATRICK MCENROE, Former Professional Tennis Player: You know, I think it was his focus and his attitude.

Sometimes he can be a little up and down.

He's such a creative player.

He is a showman out there.

He loves to put on a good show for the fans.

But what most impressed me this year, Geoff, was that he seemed to be just dialed in right from the start.

Sometimes, you see him lose a set or two early in the tournament, when he just kind of loses a little bit of interest.

That didn't happen this year.

I think Jannik Sinner beating him at Wimbledon in the final there -- he had won it the last two years -- was a little bit of a wake-up call for Carlos.

So he seemed to be incredibly focused.

The serve was the best I have ever seen it in the championship match.

And he was absolutely hitting his forehand at just incredible speeds throughout the entire match.

And he set the tone early by going after Sinner.

Sinner was able to, I thought, overpower him a little bit in that Wimbledon final.

And Alcaraz came out with the mentality and the game plan on Sunday that he wasn't going to let that happen again.

And it was a really impressive and dominant performance from Carlos.

GEOFF BENNETT: Yes, it was an incredible championship match between Alcaraz and Sinner.

How do you see their rivalry shaping the sport moving forward?

PATRICK MCENROE: Well, it is incredible.

The last two years, they have split all eight Majors.

And it's been a long time since that's happened.

A guy by the name of Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal did that.

I think it was in 2006-2007.

So what they're doing is really separating themselves from the pack right now.

And it's going to be up to the other players.

Maybe it's Americans Ben Shelton, Taylor Fritz, Alexander Zverev.

Maybe there's a 15- or 16-year-old out there that's watching these guys and was going to say to himself, I got to start playing tennis like that.

I got to start taking huge risks.

I got to start being ultra-aggressive.

I got to have lightning speed.

Because, right now, they are clearly far and away the two best players in the world.

And I think there's no reason that that's not going to continue.

They both play great tennis on multiple surfaces, Sinner winning Wimbledon for the first time on grass.

Sinner was one point away three times this year in Paris of winning that title against Alcaraz in what was really one of the most epic matches I have ever seen, and Alcaraz able to come back and win that in five sets.

Sinner gets him back at Wimbledon, and now Alcaraz wins it here.

The next Major will be in January in Australia, and they will go in, the two of them, as heavy favorites again.

GEOFF BENNETT: And on the women's side, Aryna Sabalenka came in after a tough Wimbledon loss to the American and then beat her to defend her U.S. Open title.

What set out to you about her resilience and her path to victory?

PATRICK MCENROE: Well, not only did she come back from a tough Wimbledon loss.

She lost in the finals in Paris to Coco Gauff.

She lost in the final in Australia to Madison Keys, so two Americans.

She was the best player all year, consistently was the best player, but she really wanted to win that Major, which had eluded her.

She was going to keep the number one ranking no matter what, but I don't think it would have meant as much to her without the win in New York.

So you saw her emotions, her reaction after winning that.

Anisimova had another great tournament.

And, remember, she played the Wimbledon final, didn't win a game in that one, after beating Sabalenka in a great match in the semifinals.

So it was another great tournament for Amanda.

I think we're going to see her break through within the next year or two.

But certainly this stamps Sabalenka as clearly the number one player in the world for this year.

GEOFF BENNETT: And beyond the names we mentioned, who else caught your eye during this tournament and which storyline should we be paying attention to as the tour moves forward?

PATRICK MCENROE: Well, I think the players, a couple of players that I mentioned, the Americans.

Taylor Fritz had a good run, lost to Djokovic in the quarterfinals.

I think that's the match he could have won.

Ben Shelton unfortunately had to retire, got injured in that one.

And I think Amanda Anisimova has been an amazing story, to see her resilience, the way she came back after it really being embarrassed on the center court at Wimbledon and having such another good tournament.

The American women are very strong overall.

And I think the other thing to watch for is, how does Coco Gauff recover from what really was a difficult time for her with going through a new coach, kind of changing the mechanics of the serve, which is highly unusual to do that at any time for a professional, but particularly essentially right before and in the middle of a Major tournament.

So she's got a lot of work to do to sort of rebuild her confidence and find some sort of rhythm on that serve, because that really hurt her during this season, after winning her second Major of the year in Paris.

GEOFF BENNETT: Patrick McEnroe, great to speak with you.

Thanks for joining us.

PATRICK MCENROE: Thanks for having me.

AMNA NAWAZ: And that is the "News Hour" for tonight.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

GEOFF BENNETT: And I'm Geoff Bennett.

For all of us here at the "PBS News Hour," thanks for spending part of your evening with us.